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      data-ft="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;msg&quot;}"><span
        class="UIStory_Message">Pittsburgh becomes first city to ban
        natural gas drilling by directly challenging corporate 'rights'
        and 'personhood'.</span></h3>
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    <strong><a href="http://paulcienfuegos.com/" title="Home" rel="home">Paul
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              <h1 class="title">Open Letter to Communities Working to
                Stop Fracking (November 16, 2010)</h1>
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                    <div class="submitted"> Submitted by Paul on Sat,
                      11/20/2010 - 22:19 </div>
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                    <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;">This
                        morning, the Pittsburgh City Council became the
                        first municipality in the United States to ban
                        natural gas extraction within its boundaries.
                        The ordinance isn&#8217;t just a ban &#8211; it consists of
                        a new Bill of Rights for Pittsburgh residents
                        (which includes a right to water along with
                        rights for ecosystems and nature), and then
                        proceeds to ban those activities &#8211; including
                        natural gas extraction - which would violate
                        those rights.&nbsp;</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">But it doesn&#8217;t stop
                        there.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">The ordinance seeks to
                        undo over a hundred years&#8217; worth of law in the
                        United States which gives corporations greater
                        rights than the communities in which they do
                        business. Those rights come in two primary forms
                        &#8211; first are corporate constitutional rights and
                        powers (including court-bestowed constitutional
                        rights of persons, or &#8220;personhood&#8221; rights), and
                        second, are corporate rights that have been
                        codified by statewide laws (like Pennsylvania&#8217;s
                        Oil and Gas Act), which liberate the corporation
                        from local control in individual issue areas.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">When a community makes
                        a decision which runs afoul of either of those
                        corporate rights frameworks, corporate
                        decisionmakers use the courts to throw out the
                        community&#8217;s decision. If a municipality bans a
                        State-permitted activity, it gets sued for
                        &#8220;taking&#8221; the corporation&#8217;s property as a
                        constitutional violation. If it attempts to
                        legislate in an area in which the State has
                        created a regulatory program which permits the
                        activity, the community then gets sued by the
                        corporation for violating preemptive state law.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">And why wouldn&#8217;t they?
                        After all, corporate lawyers created the very
                        rights-frameworks that they use the courts to
                        enforce, concocting many of those doctrines
                        precisely to restrict&nbsp;community lawmaking as far
                        back as the late 19</span><sup><span
                          style="font-size: small;">th</span></sup><span
                        style="font-size: small;"> century.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">In fact, those
                        frameworks have been so effective that we rarely
                        even dream about what our communities would look
                        like if we actually called the shots. We even
                        question ourselves as to whether we should have
                        that power or not.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">And so we turn away
                        from that grim reality, and instead attempt to
                        use other tools that have been given to us which
                        respect and incorporate those rights-frameworks.
                        We attempt to use zoning laws to ban certain
                        activities and learn that banning through zoning
                        violates corporate constitutional due process
                        rights. Turned back on that front, we then
                        negotiate with the corporation - and beg and
                        plead with state regulators - so that the
                        corporation causes a little less harm to our
                        communities.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">As second-class
                        citizens, our rights made secondary to the
                        privileges of corporations, we look for
                        solutions to the ignoble status we&#8217;ve been
                        relegated to. Our work plays out within a very
                        small box of &#8220;allowable activism&#8221; bounded on all
                        sides by rights-frameworks which protect a
                        relatively small number of corporate
                        decisionmakers.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">What does this have to
                        do with fracking in the Marcellus shale
                        formation? Everything.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">The rationale behind
                        the Pittsburgh ordinance is a simple one. If we
                        respect and comply with those frameworks of law
                        &#8211; playing within the sandbox that has been
                        constructed for us - we&#8217;ll get drilled. It&#8217;s as
                        straightforward as simple arithmetic.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">Which brings us to
                        another logical conclusion: if we want to stop
                        the drilling, we must therefore undo those false
                        corporate rights frameworks.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">Over a hundred other
                        municipal governments across Pennsylvania have
                        joined Pittsburgh in reaching that revelation &#8211;
                        that the only way to stop agribusiness factory
                        farms, sewage sludge dumping, corporate waste
                        disposal, and natural gas extraction is to
                        frontally and directly challenge those layers of
                        corporate law which have removed any vestige of
                        community self-government.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">As with the passage of
                        similar ordinances by municipalities in
                        Pennsylvania over the past several years, which
                        have dealt with an array of issues, the
                        Pittsburgh ordinance will result in a lot of
                        hand-wringing by statewide environmental groups,
                        which have made long careers out of not coloring
                        outside of the lines.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">As they see it, their
                        job is to work within existing law and do their
                        best to limit environmental damage. That&#8217;s why
                        they call for more zoning laws (even though
                        horizontal drilling defeats the purpose of
                        zoning the placement of drilling pads, for
                        example), or a severance tax (which ironically,
                        encourages even more drilling to produce more
                        revenue). It&#8217;s why they talk about &#8220;responsible&#8221;
                        drilling and natural gas as a &#8220;bridge&#8221; to a
                        sustainable energy future. It&#8217;s why they&#8217;ve
                        talked themselves into seeing drilling as
                        inevitable, and that the best we can do is
                        simply to endure it. In doing so, they&#8217;ve
                        condemned our communities to the same kind of
                        damage that the gas corporations are forcing
                        upon us.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">They may be nice
                        people, but they&#8217;re not our friends in this
                        mess. They&#8217;re too obedient in a situation that
                        demands widespread disobedience.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">Stopping the drilling
                        means coming face-to-face with the reality that
                        this country isn&#8217;t what we thought it was. That
                        the rights-frameworks claimed by the
                        corporations are not just a tragic mistake, but
                        are the underlying reality demonstrated by our
                        existence in a system in which the legal system
                        serves corporate production but not community
                        democracy.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">These local ordinances
                        intend to turn that structure upside down &#8211;
                        subordinating corporate &#8220;rights&#8221; and corporate
                        production to local self-governance and the
                        rights of nature, rather than the other way
                        around.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">For that reason, if we
                        truly believe in economic and environmental
                        sustainability, variations of the Pittsburgh
                        ordinance must spread to a thousand other
                        communities in the path of the Marcellus shale
                        drillers.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">And then it must
                        spread to a thousand more.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">More importantly,
                        perhaps, communities need to jettison corporate
                        lawyers and lobbyists from their municipal
                        meeting rooms. We need to stop listening to
                        environmental lawyers who tell us that there&#8217;s
                        nothing that we can do. We need to take a
                        collective stand to reject corporate-imposed
                        energy policies and replace them with local ones
                        of our own making.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">We then must be
                        prepared to disobey courts and legislatures who
                        inform us that we can&#8217;t have sustainability
                        because it interferes with corporate
                        prerogatives.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">It&#8217;s time. After all,
                        what&#8217;s left? After ripping up our communities,
                        there will be a new scheme to extract something
                        else, and another one after that. It&#8217;s time to
                        shut down the machine. It&#8217;s time to use our
                        municipalities to engage in collective civil
                        disobedience through community lawmaking.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">As Frederick Douglass
                        wrote over a hundred years ago -</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><em><span
                          style="font-size: small;">If there is no
                          struggle there is no progress. Those who
                          profess to favor freedom and yet depreciate
                          agitation&#8230;want crops without plowing up the
                          ground, they want rain without thunder and
                          lightening. They want the ocean without the
                          awful roar of its many waters. . . Power
                          concedes nothing without a demand. It never
                          did and it never will. The limits of tyrants
                          are prescribed by the endurance of those whom
                          they oppress.</span></em></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">It&#8217;s time to use our
                        municipal governments to demand an end to all
                        activities and policies that are harmful to our
                        communities and the natural communities upon
                        which our lives depend. It's time to undo a
                        structure of law that authorizes corporate
                        minorities to run roughshod over community
                        majorities.</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><span
                        style="font-size: small;">Isn&#8217;t that what
                        democracy is supposed to be about?</span></p>
                    <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 14pt;"><em><span
                          style="font-size: small;">From The Staff of
                          the Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund
                          (CELDF.org)</span></em></p>
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